|
Disease / Causative Organisms |
Mode of Transmission |
Type of Precautions |
Duration of Precautions |
*ANTHRAX
(Bacillus anthracis) |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
*BOTULISM
(Clostridium botulinum) |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
COXSACKIEVIRUS
(Enteroviral infection) |
• Droplet
• Direct Contact |
ROUTINE: Adult |
At all times |
| CONTACT: Pediatric |
Duration of illness |
*CREUTZFELDT- JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)
(Subacute spongiform encephalopathy) |
• Direct and indirect contact |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
|
Contact Infection Control for additional information |
| *CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) |
• Direct contact
• Mucosal exposure to infective body fluids |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
| *ENCEPHALITIS |
• Direct and indirect contact
• Fecal / oral route |
ROUTINE: Adult |
Until specific etiology established or enterovirus ruled out |
| CONTACT: Pediatric |
ENTEROBIASIS
(Enterobius vermicularis,
oxyuriasis, pinworm) |
• Direct Contact |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
EPIGLOTTITIS
(*Haemophilus influenzae
type b, *Group A
streptococcus (iGas) invasive,
Staphylococcus aureus) |
• Droplet
• Direct Contact |
ROUTINE: Adult |
At all times |
| DROPLET: Pediatric if Haemophilus influenzae type b, otherwise Routine |
Until 24 hours of effective antimicrobial therapy received unless Haemophilus influenzae type b ruled out |
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS
(Infectious mononucleosi |
• Direct and indirect contact |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
|
ERYTHEMA
INFECTIOSUM
( Parvovirus B-19, Fifth disease) |
• Droplet
• Direct Contact |
ROUTINE: Fifth Disease |
At all times |
| DROPLET: Aplastic Crisis |
7 days for patients with transient Aplastic or Erythrocyte crisis
For duration of hospitalization
for immunocompromised patients with chronic infection |
HAND, FOOT and
MOUTH DISEASE |
• Direct and indirect contact
• Fecal / oral route |
ROUTINE: Adult |
At all times |
| CONTACT: Pediatric |
Duration of illness |
*HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B
(invasive disease) |
• Droplet
• Direct Contact |
ROUTINE: Adult |
At all times |
| DROPLET: Pediatric |
Until 24 hours after effective antibiotic therapy |
*HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
(*Ebola, *Lassa Fever,
*Marburg Virus, *other viral causes) |
• Direct and indirect contact
• Possibly airborne if pneumonia |
CONTACT & DROPLET
or
CONTACT & AIRBORNE if pneumonia |
Until symptoms resolve
For Lassa Fever - duration
of viral shedding |
| *HEPATITIS B, C, D |
• Mucosal or percutaneous exposure to infective body fluids |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
*HERPES SIMPLEX
VIRUS (HSV) |
• Direct Contact |
Encephalitis: ROUTINE |
At all times |
|
Mucocutaneous: (disseminated or primary & extensive): CONTACT
*Neonatal: CONTACT
Recurrent: Routine |
Until lesions resolved
Duration of illness
At all times |
|
HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
*AIDS
(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) |
• Mucosal or percutaneous exposure to infective body fluids
• Blood transfusion or organ transplant if contaminated blood or organ
• Infected mother to the fetus or baby
• Breast milk |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
*LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE
(Legionella pneumophila) |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
LICE
(Pediculosis) |
• Direct and indirect contact |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
CONTACT if in pediatric unit
or if heavily infected |
Until 24 hours after effective treatment |
*Lyme Disease
(Borrelia burgdorferi) |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
*MALARIA
(Plasmodium sp.) |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
| RHEUMATIC FEVER |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
ROSEOLA
(Roseola Infantum, Exanthem Subitum,
Human Herpesvirus 6, Sixth disease) |
• Direct Contact |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
SCABIES
(Sarcoptes scabiei) |
• Direct and indirect contact |
CONTACT |
Until 24 hours after
effective treatment |
| *WEST NILE VIRUS |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
| *YELLOW FEVER |
• Not transmitted from person-to-person |
ROUTINE |
At all times |
